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Whale Shark, Philippines. Photo by Stephane Rochon.

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Mejores Vídeos

Sea slugs feeding and mating. Part 19 of my documentary, "Mucky Secrets", about the fascinating marine creatures of the Lembeh Strait in Indonesia. Watch the full 90-minute documentary at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJMZ6reOB0E

In this video we study how sea slugs (including nudibranchs) feed and mate.

All known nudibranchs are carnivores. The biggest family of nudibranchs, the chromodoridids, feed exclusively on sponges.

Most sea slugs have a ribbon-like tongue covered in microscopic teeth called a radula to help them consume their prey. The form of the radula varies greatly and is important as a basis for taxonomic classification.

We see a pleurobranch, Pleurobranchus forskalii, a different type of sea slug, feeding on an ascidian, or "sea squirt", a type of tunicate.

Nembrotha nudibranchs also feed on ascidians. We see a Nembrotha lineolata feeding on a blue club tunicate. The ascidian feeds by filtering plankton from the water with its delicate, blue, sieve-like interior enclosed in a clear outer sac, its tunic. The sea slug everts its proboscis, its oral tube, out of its mouth and, with ruthless efficiency, sucks this fleshy interior right through the tunic. The radula teeth enable the slug to deal with the tougher parts of the sea squirt's intestines.

Most sea slugs are quite specific in their choice of food, and so they are often drawn towards the same place. This increases the chances of encountering others of the same species and finding a mate. As they have no vision, nudibranchs locate each other initially through smell then touch.

During copulation, they line up their genitals which are on the right side of their body. All sea slugs are hermaphrodites and contain both male and female reproductive systems. During mating, each nudibranch receives sperm from the other. 

We see a pair of Nembrotha purpureolineata nudibranchs mating. The penis, which is off to the side, is covered in tiny, sharp barbs which lock it into the vagina, which is at the centre of the stalk. The male organs often mature before the female ones. Small nudibranchs with an immature female reproductive system can store the sperm they receive until they start producing fertile eggs.

We also encounter a mating pair of Hypselodoris bullocki nudibranchs. Their genitals are also covered in tiny spines that anchor them together during copulation.

After fertilisation, a mucus-bound ribbon of eggs is laid in a spiral, often on or near the species' food source. Most egg masses are toxic to predators and are abandoned by the parent.

Hypselodorid nudibranchs often follow each other around, top to tail. The reason for this 'trailing', or "tailgating" behaviour is a mystery. It's thought to be a prelude to mating, but in some cases the trailing slug might simply be getting an easy ride in the search for food.

There are English captions showing either the full narration or the common and scientific names of the marine life, along with the dive site names.

The full Mucky Secrets nature documentary features a huge diversity of weird and wonderful marine animals including frogfish, nudibranchs, scorpionfish, crabs, shrimps, moray eels, seahorses, octopus, cuttlefish etc..

Thanks to Kevin MacLeod of http://www.incompetech.com for the music track, "Perspectives", which is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license.

Thanks to the staff and keen-eyed divemasters of Two Fish Divers (http://www.twofishdivers.com), for accommodation, diving services and critter-spotting.

The video was shot by Nick Hope with a Sony HVR-Z1P HDV camera in a Light & Motion Bluefin HD housing with Light & Motion Elite lights and a flat port. A Century +3.5 diopter was used for the most of the macro footage.

I have more scuba diving videos and underwater footage on my website at:
http://www.bubblevision.com

I post updates about my videos here:
http://www.facebook.com/bubblevision
http://google.com/+bubblevision
http://www.twitter.com/nicholashope
http://bubblevision.tumblr.com

Full list of marine life and dive sites featured in this video:

00:00 Nudibranch, Hypselodoris emma, Aer Perang
00:15 Nudibranch, Hypselodoris emma, TK 3
00:21 Nudibranch, Hypselodoris apolegma, Police Pier
00:28 Nudibranch, Hypselodoris whitei, Aw Shucks
00:33 Nudibranch, Chromodoris annae, Tanjung Kusu-Kusu
00:38 Nudibranch, Hypselodoris apolegma, Aer Perang
00:43 Pleurobranch, Pleurobranchus forskalii, Two Fish Divers house reef
00:59 Nudibranch, Nembrotha lineolata, Nudi Falls
01:55 Nudibranchs, Nembrotha purpureolineata & Nembrotha yonowae, TK 1
02:07 Nudibranch, Nembrotha purpureolineata, TK 1
03:20 Nudibranch, Hypselodoris bullocki, Critter Hunt
03:33 Nudibranch, Doriprismatica atromarginata, Nudi Falls
03:43 Nudibranch, Ceratosoma tenue, Aer Perang
03:53 Nudibranch, Hypselodoris tryoni, Nudi Falls 04:51

Nudi Falls
Indonesia

Rohan teaching an Decompression Procedures Course in
Hurghada 2007 - 
www.video-bubbles.com sony HC44 in a Nimar housing. Red filter, no artificial light. 
Music : Queen (One vision, it's a kind of Magic), Eye of the Tiger
www.jeromesmeets.be 08:10

El Fanadir
Egypt

Cuttlefishes and octopuses. Part 16 of my documentary, "Mucky Secrets", about the fascinating marine creatures of the Lembeh Strait in Indonesia. Watch the full 90-minute documentary at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nJMZ6reOB0E

In this video I look at cuttlefishes (Sepiida) and octopuses (Octopoda); types of cephalopod (Cephalopoda) found in the Lembeh Strait.

The broadclub cuttlefish (Sepia latimanus) is the second largest species of cuttlefish, and the most common on coral reefs. It can adopt an infinite number of textures, colours and poses to camouflage itself, communicate and to hypnotize prey.

As the name suggests, the crinoid cuttlefish (Sepia sp.) tends to hang around feather stars. We find one hiding amongst the branches of a decaying staghorn coral. This is an undescribed species known only from Indonesia, and recognised by the dark spots at the front of its lower arms.

The dwarf cuttlefish, or stumpy-spined cuttlefish (Sepia bandensis) is a tiny species that is usually only seen at night. Rather than swimming, it usually uses its lower arms to walk on and explore the seabed. It is often found in association with echinoderms such as sea urchins.

Another species that walks on its arms is one of the real stars of Lembeh, the flamboyant cuttlefish (Metasepia pfefferi). When disturbed it abandons its camouflage and the skin adopts spectacular shades of purple and yellow, with waves of white radiating down the mantle. The colour changes are achieved by adjusting millions of pigmented cells in the skin called chromatophores. This is an example of aposematic coloration whereby a creature warns potential predators of its toxicity. Scientists have recently discovered that the flamboyant cuttlefish's muscle tissue contains a unique and highly potent toxin, proving that this display is no bluff.

We see an adult flamboyant cuttlefish using its special feeding tentacles to snatch prey such as small shrimps and gobes, and a tiny juvenile raising its median tentacles, a common threat display amongst cuttlefishes.

Cuttlefishes' intelligence and unique powers compensate for their lack of a protective shell. They have the highest brain-to-body-mass ratio of all invertebrates, and researchers have shown them to possess a good memory and a high capacity for learning.

Octopuses are closely related to cuttlefishes and have similar characteristics and intelligence.

At TK we encounter an undescribed octopus, a near relative of the mimic octopus and wonderpus, retreating to its burrow with a captured crab. The octopus usually injects the crab with a paralysing saliva before using it's parrot-like beak at the centre its arms to excavate the meat from the crab.

Finally on a night dive at Aer Perang we encounter a starry night octopus, Callistoctopus luteus, twisting and turning around the reef as it tries to escape my attention.

There are English captions showing either the full narration or the common and scientific names of the marine life, along with the dive site names.

The full Mucky Secrets nature documentary features a huge diversity of weird and wonderful marine animals including frogfish, nudibranchs, scorpionfish, crabs, shrimps, moray eels, seahorses, octopus, cuttlefish etc..

Thanks to TekMerc (www.soundcloud.com/tekmerc) for the music track, "Untitled Ambient Tune" and to Ojini Project (www.soundcloud.com/ojiniproject) for the track, "Melody of the Lost Ark". These tracks are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license.

Thanks to the staff and keen-eyed divemasters of Two Fish Divers (http://www.twofishdivers.com), for accommodation, diving services and critter-spotting.

The video was shot by Nick Hope with a Sony HVR-Z1P HDV camera in a Light & Motion Bluefin HD housing with Light & Motion Elite lights and a flat port. A Century +3.5 diopter was used for the most of the macro footage.

I have more scuba diving videos and underwater footage on my website at:
http://www.bubblevision.com

I post updates about my videos here:
http://www.facebook.com/bubblevision
http://google.com/+bubblevision
http://www.twitter.com/nicholashope
http://bubblevision.tumblr.com

Full list of marine life and dive sites featured in this video:

00:00 Broadclub Cuttlefish (juvenile), Sepia latimanus, Critter Hunt
00:08 Broadclub Cuttlefish, Sepia latimanus, Makawide
00:19 Crinoid Cuttlefish, Sepia sp., Tanjung Kusu-Kusu
00:41 Dwarf Cuttlefish, Sepia bandensis, Nudi Falls
01:15 Flamboyant Cuttlefish, Metasepia pfefferi, Retak Larry
02:35 Flamboyant Cuttlefish (juvenile), Metasepia pfefferi, Makawide
02:49 Undescribed Octopus, TK 1
03:37 Starry Night Octopus, Callistoctopus luteus, Aer Perang 06:13

Air Prang
Indonesia


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  Ultimas noticias del sitio

  • 25 Jan 
    [ Información ] Secured navigation Wannadive is now only available thru secured (SSL/HTTPs) navigation. Feel free to report any bugs or wired behavior while browsing/contributing to the dive site atlas and/or thru the Android application.
  • 08 Jul 
    [ Información ] Phishing pages Hackers succeeded into injecting some scripts into our server file system; mainly phishing pages (fake Dropbox and/or Email client login page; asking you to login with your Gmail/Yahoo account). We are pretty sure these phishing pages were NOT linked/used within this website; probably used in phishing email campaigns. Your community information (email, password, personal information) from this website were not compromised; but if you have been redirected to these pages it is strongly recommended that you change your email password. Sorry for the inconvenience
  • 20 Dec 
    [ Información ] Wannadive è avaiable in italiano! Hi, Wannadive è avaiable in italiano! Today we are very happy to announce that Wannadive interface is available in Italian. We would like to thanks the following translators for their help and great Christmas gift! * Dave Noise (from Wannasurf) * Riccardo Ghetti (from Wannadive) * Lorenzo Facchin (from Wannadive) All Italian divers can now switch to Italian language by using the language selector at the top of Wannadive pages. Enjoy! We wish you a merry Christmas. WD Team
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